What information does a map scale provide?

A map scale provides essential information that allows users to understand the relationship between the distances on the map and the actual distances on the ground. Specifically, it indicates how much distance on the map corresponds to a specific distance in real-world measurements, such as kilometers or miles. This conversion rate is crucial for navigation and planning, as it enables users to accurately gauge travel distances, distances between locations, and the overall size of the area depicted on the map.

In contrast to other options, the scale does not directly indicate elevation or altitude information, which is typically represented through contour lines or specific elevation markers. While proximity of nearby cities may be inferred from the scale, the scale itself does not provide that information explicitly. Directional accuracy relates more to the orientation of the map and compass rose rather than the purpose of the scale. Thus, option A accurately captures the primary function of a map scale in regards to measuring distances.